Sankhya Karika Verse 48

Sanskrit Verse

भेदस्तमसोऽष्टविधो मोहस्य च, दशविधो महामोहः । तामिस्रोऽष्टादशधा, तथा भवत्यन्धतामिस्रः ॥ ४८ ॥

Transliteration

bhedaḥ tamasaḥ aṣṭavidhaḥ mohasaya ca daśavidhaḥ maha-mohaḥ | tāmisraḥ aṣṭādaśadhā tathā bhavati aṅdhatāmisraḥ ||

Translation

The distinctions of Avidya are eightfold, as also of Asmita ; tenfold is Raga ; Dvesa is eighteenfold ; so also is Abhinivesa.

The 5 Kinds of Ignorance (Viparyaya)

The ignorance mentioned in previous verses is broken down into these five main afflictions (Kleshas), which parallel the Yoga Sutras:

1. Avidya (Tamas / Ignorance) - 8-fold: Mistaking the non-self for the Self (Puruṣa). It is 8-fold because one mistakenly identifies the Self with the 8 primary evolutes: Prakṛti, Mahat, Ahaṅkāra, and the 5 Tanmātras.
2. Asmita (Moha / Egoism or Delusion) - 8-fold: The delusion of having achieved liberation or perfection simply by acquiring the 8 Yogic powers (Siddhis, e.g., making oneself infinitely small, infinitely large, etc.).
3. Raga (Mahā-moha / Extreme Infatuation) - 10-fold: Attachment to the 5 sensory objects (sound, touch, form, taste, smell) in both the earthly realm and the heavenly realm (5 earthly + 5 divine = 10).
4. Dvesa (Tāmisra / Hatred) - 18-fold: Aversion or anger when one is deprived of the 10 sensory objects or the 8 Yogic powers, or when someone else possesses them (10 + 8 = 18).
5. Abhinivesa (Andhatāmisra / Fear of Death) - 18-fold: The deep-seated terror of dying, which stems from the fear of losing the same 10 sensory objects and 8 Yogic powers (10 + 8 = 18).

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Reference: Sankhya Karika