Patanjali Yoga Sutra 1.31

Sanskrit Sutra

दुःख-दौर्मनस्याङ्गमेजयत्व-श्वासप्रश्वासा विक्षेपसहभुवः॥३१॥

Swami Vivekananda's translation

Grief, mental distress, tremor of the body, irregular breathing, accompany non-retention of concentration.

Vyasa Bhashya (Sanskrit)

दुःखदौर्मनस्याङ्गमेजयत्वश्वासप्रश्वासा विक्षेपसहभुवः ॥ ३१ ॥

दुःखमाध्यात्मिकमाधिभौतिकमाधिदैविकं च। येनाभिहताः प्राणिनस्तदपघाताय प्रयतन्ते तद्दुःखम्। दौर्मनस्यमिच्छाविघाताच्चेतसः क्षोभः। यदङ्गान्येजयति कम्पयति तदङ्गमेजयत्वम्। प्राणो यद्बाह्यं वायुमाचामति स श्वासः। यत्कौष्ठ्यं वायुं निःसारयति स प्रश्वासः। एते विक्षेपसहभुवो विक्षिप्तचित्तस्यैते भवन्ति। समाहितचित्तस्यैवे न भवन्ति ॥ ३१ ॥

Vyasa Bhashya (English Translation)

Pain, mental distress, trembling of the body, and disturbed inhalation and exhalation are the companions of the distractions. || 31 || Pain (Duhkha) is threefold: internal/personal (adhyatmika), external/from beings (adhibhautika), and from divine/natural forces (adhidaivika). That by which living beings are struck and which they try to destroy, is pain. Mental distress (Daurmanasya) is the agitation of the mind caused by the frustration of a desire. Trembling of the body (Angamejayatva) is that which makes the limbs shake or tremble. Inhalation (Shvasa) is the breath that takes the external air in. Exhalation (Prashvasa) is the breath that expels the internal air out. These are the companions of the distractions (vikshepa-sahabhuva). They occur in a distracted mind. They do not occur in a concentrated mind. || 31 ||

The Companions of Distraction (Vikshepa-Sahabhuva)

Companion	Translation	Sanskrit Definition	English Definition
Duhkha	Pain / Sorrow	येनाभिहताः प्राणिनस्तदपघाताय प्रयतन्ते तद्दुःखम्	That by which beings are struck and try to ward off. (Three types: adhyatmika, adhibhautika, adhidaivika).
Daurmanasya	Mental distress / Despair	इच्छाविघाताच्चेतसः क्षोभः	Agitation of the mind caused by the frustration of a desire.
Angamejayatva	Trembling of the body	यदङ्गान्येजयति कम्पयति	That which makes the limbs shake or tremble.
Shvasa	Disturbed inhalation	यद्बाह्यं वायुमाचामति	The breath that takes the external air in.
Prashvasa	Disturbed exhalation	यत्कौष्ठ्यं वायुं निःसारयति	The breath that expels the internal air out.

Chapter link: Yoga Sutra Chapter 1