Muni's PlaySanskrit
अथात इन्द्रियोपक्रमणीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||
athāta indriyopakramaṇīyamadhyāyaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ || 1 ||
Translation
Now, we shall expound the chapter on the Description of the Sense Organs (Indriyopakramaniya).
Sanskrit
इह खलु पञ्चेन्द्रियाणि, पञ्चेन्द्रियद्रव्याणि, पञ्चेन्द्रियाधिष्ठानानि, पञ्चेन्द्रियार्थाः, पञ्चेन्द्रियबुद्धयो भवन्ति,इत्युक्तमिन्द्रियाधिकारे||३||
iha khalu pañcendriyāṇi, pañcendriyadravyāṇi, pañcendriyādhiṣṭhānāni, pañcendriyārthāḥ, pañcendriyabuddhayo bhavanti, ityuktamiidriyādhikāre || 3 ||
Translation
In the context of the sense organs, it has been stated that there are five sense organs, five materials of sense organs, five seats of sense organs, five objects of sense organs, and five perceptions of sense organs.
Sanskrit
अतीन्द्रियं पुनर्मनः सत्त्वसञ्ज्ञकं, ‘चेतः’ इत्याहुरेके, तदर्थात्मसम्पदायत्तचेष्टं चेष्टाप्रत्ययभूतमिन्द्रियाणाम्||४||
atīndriyaṁ punarmanaḥ sattvasañjñakaṁ, ‘cetaḥ’ ityāhureke, tadarthātmasampadāyattaceṣṭaṁ ceṣṭāpratyayabhūtamiindriyāṇām || 4 ||
Translation
The mind, also known as ‘sattva’ (and called ‘chetas’ by some), is beyond the reach of the senses. Its activities are dependent on its objects and the soul; it is the cause of the functioning of the sense organs.
Sanskrit
स्वार्थेन्द्रियार्थसङ्कल्पव्यभिचरणाच्चानेकमेकस्मिन् पुरुषे सत्त्वं, रजस्तमःसत्त्वगुणयोगाच्च; न चानेकत्वं, नह्येकं ह्येककालमनेकेषु प्रवर्तते ; तस्मान्नैककाला सर्वेन्द्रियप्रवृत्तिः||५||
svārthendriyārthasaṅkalpavyabhicaraṇāccānekamekasmin puruṣe sattvaṁ, rajastamaḥsattvaguṇayogācca; na cānekatvaṁ, nahyekaṁ hyekakālamanekeṣu pravartate ; tasmānnaikakālā sarvendriyapravṛttiḥ || 5 ||
Translation
The mind might appear to be multiple in one person due to variations in its objects, its intentions regarding the sense organs, and its association with the qualities of Rajas, Tamas, and Sattva. However, it is not actually multiple, as one mind cannot function in many activities at the same time. Therefore, the sense organs do not all function simultaneously.
Sanskrit
यद्गुणं चाभीक्ष्णं पुरुषमनुवर्तते सत्त्वं तत्सत्त्वमेवोपदिशन्ति मुनयो बाहुल्यानुशयात्||६||
yadguṇaṁ cābhīkṣṇaṁ puruṣamanuvartate sattvaṁ tatsattvaimevopadiśanti munayo bāhulyānuśayāt || 6 ||
Translation
Sages designate the mind of a person according to whichever of the three qualities (Sattva, Rajas, or Tamas) is predominantly and consistently present in that person.
Sanskrit
मनःपुरःसराणीन्द्रियाण्यर्थग्रहणसमर्थानि भवन्ति||७||
manaḥpuraḥsarāṇīndriyāṇyarthagrahaṇasamarthāni bhavanti || 7 ||
Translation
The sense organs are capable of perceiving their objects only when they are led by the mind.
Sanskrit
तत्र चक्षुः श्रोत्रं घ्राणं रसनं स्पर्शनमिति पञ्चेन्द्रियाणि||८|| पञ्चेन्द्रियद्रव्याणि- खं वायुर्ज्योतिरापो भूरिति||९|| पञ्चेन्द्रियाधिष्ठानानि- अक्षिणी कर्णौ नासिके जिह्वा त्वक् चेति||१०|| पञ्चेन्द्रियार्थाः- शब्दस्पर्शरूपरसगन्धाः||११||
tatra cakṣuḥ śrotraṁ ghrāṇaṁ rasanaṁ sparśanamiti pañcendriyāṇi || 8 || pañcendriyadravyāṇi- khaṁ vāyurjyotirāpo bhūriti || 9 || pañcendriyādhiṣṭhānāni- akṣiṇī karṇau nāsike jihvā tvak ceti || 10 || pañcendriyārthāḥ- śabdasparśarūparasagandhāḥ || 11 ||
Translation
Among them:
- The five sense organs: Eye (Vision), Ear (Hearing), Nose (Smell), Tongue (Taste), and Skin (Touch).
- The five materials of sense organs: Space (Akasha), Air (Vayu), Fire (Jyoti), Water (Ap), and Earth (Bhu).
- The five seats of sense organs: Eyes, Ears, Nostrils, Tongue, and Skin.
- The five objects of sense organs: Sound, Touch, Vision (Form), Taste, and Smell.
Sanskrit
पञ्चेन्द्रियबुद्धयः- चक्षुर्बुद्ध्यादिकाः; ताः पुनरिन्द्रियेन्द्रियार्थसत्त्वात्मसन्निकर्षजाः, क्षणिका, निश्चयात्मिकाश्च, इत्येतत्पञ्चपञ्चकम्||१२||
pañcendriyabuddhayaḥ- cakṣurbuddhyādikāḥ; tāḥ punariindriyendriyārthasattvātmasannikarṣajāḥ, kṣaṇikā, niścayātmikāśca, ityetatpañcapañcakam || 12 ||
Translation
The five perceptions of the sense organs: these are perceptions like visual perception, etc. They arise from the contact of the sense organ, the sense object, the mind (sattva), and the soul. They are momentary and of a decisive nature. This completes the “five-five” group (pañcapañcakam).
Sanskrit
मनो मनोर्थो बुद्धिरात्मा चेत्यध्यात्मद्रव्यगुणसङ्ग्रहः शुभाशुभप्रवृत्तिनिवृत्तिहेतुश्च, द्रव्याश्रितं चकर्म; यदुच्यते क्रियेति||१३||
mano manortho buddhirātmā cetyadhyātmadravyaguṇasaṅgrahaḥ śubhāśubhapravṛttinivṛttihetuśca, dravyāśritaṁ cakarma; yaducyate kriyeti || 13 ||
Translation
The mind, the objects of the mind, the intellect, and the soul—this is the summary of the spiritual substances and their qualities. They are the cause of engagement in or abstention from auspicious and inauspicious actions. Action (karma) is dependent on substance and is what is called ‘kriya’ (activity).
Sanskrit
तत्रानुमानगम्यानां पञ्चमहाभूतविकारसमुदायात्मकानामपि सतामिन्द्रियाणां तेजश्चक्षुषि, खं श्रोत्रे, घ्राणे क्षितिः, आपो रसने,स्पर्शनेऽनिलो विशेषेणोपपद्यते| तत्र यद्यदात्मकमिन्द्रियं विशेषात्तत्तदात्मकमेवार्थमनुगृह्णाति, तत्स्वभावाद्विभुत्वाच्च||१४||
tatrānumānagamyānāṁ pañcamahābhūtavikārasamudāyātmakānāmapi satāmindriyāṇāṁ tejaścakṣuṣi, khaṁ śrotre, ghrāṇe kṣitiḥ, āpo rasane, sparśane’nilo viśeṣeṇopapadyate | tatra yadyadātmakamindriyaṁ viśeṣātttattadātmakamevārthamanugṛhṇāti, tatsvabhāvādvibhutvācca || 14 ||
Translation
Among the sense organs, which are inferable and composed of a combination of the modifications of the five great elements: Fire (Tejas) predominates in the eye, Space (Kham) in the ear, Earth (Kshiti) in the nose, Water (Ap) in the tongue, and Air (Anila) in the skin. A particular sense organ perceives its corresponding object because they share the same elemental nature and due to its pervasiveness.
Sanskrit
तदर्थातियोगायोगमिथ्यायोगात् समनस्कमिन्द्रियं विकृतिमापद्यमानं यथास्वं बुद्ध्युपघाताय सम्पद्यते, सामर्थ्ययोगात् पुनः प्रकृतिमापद्यमानं यथास्वं बुद्धिमाप्याययति||१५||
tadarthātiyogāyogamithyāyogāt samanaskamindriyaṁ vikṛtimāpadyamānaṁ yathāsvaṁ buddhyupaghātāya sampadyate, sāmarthyayogāt punaḥ prakṛtimāpadyamānaṁ yathāsvaṁ buddhimāpyāyayati || 15 ||
Translation
Due to excessive, deficient, or perverted contact with its objects, the sense organ (along with the mind) becomes impaired, leading to a disturbance in perception. On the other hand, through proper contact (samarthya-yoga), it returns to its natural state and nourishes the respective perception.
Sanskrit
मनसस्तु चिन्त्यमर्थः| तत्र मनसो मनोबुद्धेश्च त एव समानातिहीनमिथ्यायोगाः प्रकृतिविकृतिहेतवो भवन्ति||१६||
manasastu cintyamarthaḥ | tatra manaso manobuddheśca ta eva samānātihīnamithyāyogāḥ prakṛtivikṛtihetavo bhavanti || 16 ||
Translation
The object of the mind is what is conceivable (chintyam). For the mind and mental perception, excessive, deficient, or perverted contacts are similarly the causes of their natural or impaired states.
Sanskrit
तत्रेन्द्रियाणां समनस्कानामनुपतप्तानामनुपतापाय प्रकृतिभावे प्रयतितव्यमेभिर्हेतुभिः; तद्यथा सात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगेनबुद्ध्या सम्यगवेक्ष्यावेक्ष्य कर्मणां सम्यक् प्रतिपादनेन, देशकालात्मगुणविपरीतोपासनेन चेति| तस्मादात्महितं चिकीर्षता सर्वेण सर्वं सर्वदा स्मृतिमास्थाय सद्वृत्तमनुष्ठेयम्||१७||
tatrendriyāṇāṁ samanaskānāmanupataptānāmanupatāpāya prakṛtibhāve prayatitavyamebhirhetubhiḥ; tadyathā sātmyeindriyārthasaṁyogena buddhyā samyagavekṣyāvekṣya karmaṇāṁ samyak pratipādanena, deśakālātmaguṇaviparītopāsanena ceti | tasmādātmahitaṁ cikīrṣatā sarveṇa sarvaṁ sarvadā smṛtimāsthāya sadvṛttamanuṣṭheyam || 17 ||
Translation
One should strive to maintain the sense organs and the mind in their natural, unimpaired state using the following means: wholesome contact with sense objects, performing actions only after careful consideration with the intellect, and practicing what is contrary to the qualities of place (desha), time (kala), and one’s own temperament. Therefore, anyone desiring their own well-being should always maintain mindfulness and follow the code of righteous conduct (sad-vritta).
Sanskrit
तद्ध्यनुतिष्ठन् युगपत् सम्पादयत्यर्थद्वयमारोग्यमिन्द्रियविजयं चेति; तत् सद्वृत्तमखिलेनोपदेक्ष्यामोऽग्निवेश !तद्यथा-
*taddhyanutiṣṭhan yugapat sampādayatyarthadvayamārogyamindriyavijayaṁ ceti; tat sadvṛttamakhilenopadekṣyāmo’gniveśa ! tadyathā- *
Translation
By following this code of conduct, one simultaneously achieves two goals: health and control over the senses. O Agnivesha! We shall now describe that code of righteous conduct in its entirety:
Sanskrit
नित्यमनुपहतवासाः सुमनाः सुगन्धिः स्यात्,
nityamanupahatavāsāḥ sumanāḥ sugandhiḥ syāt,
Translation
One should always wear clean clothes, be cheerful, and use pleasant scents.
Sanskrit
साधुवेशः, प्रसिद्धकेशः ,
sādhuveśaḥ, prasiddhakeśaḥ ,
Translation
One should dress decently and keep hair well-groomed.
Sanskrit
पूर्वाभिभाषी, सुमुखः,
pūrvābhibhāṣī, sumukhaḥ,
Translation
One should be the first to greet others and have a pleasant countenance.
Sanskrit
काले हितमितमधुरार्थवादी,वश्यात्मा, धर्मात्मा,
kāle hitamitamadhurārthavādī, vaśyātmā, dharmātmā,
Translation
One should speak what is beneficial, measured, and sweet at the right time, be self-controlled, and righteous.
Sanskrit
हेतावीर्ष्युः, फले नेर्ष्युः,
hetāvīrṣyuḥ, phale nerṣyuḥ,
Translation
One should be jealous of the cause (strive for the same results as others through the same good deeds) but not envious of their results.
Sanskrit
निश्चिन्तः, निर्भीकः, ह्रीमान्, धीमान्, महोत्साहः, दक्षः, क्षमावान्,
niścintaḥ, nirbhīkaḥ, hrīmān, dhīmān, mahotsāhaḥ, dakṣaḥ, kṣamāvān,
Translation
One should be free from worry, fearless, modest, wise, highly enthusiastic, skillful, and forgiving.
Sanskrit
धार्मिकः,आस्तिकः, विनयबुद्धिविद्याभिजनवयोवृद्धसिद्धाचार्याणामुपासिता ,
dhārmikaḥ, āstikaḥ, vinayabuddhividyābhijanavayovṛddhasiddhācāryāṇāmupāsitā ,
Translation
One should be righteous, a believer in the Vedas (astika), and pay respect to those superior in humility, intellect, learning, lineage, age, and spiritual attainment.
Sanskrit
मङ्गलाचारशीलः,
maṅgalācāraśīlaḥ,
Translation
One should have the habit of performing auspicious actions.
Sanskrit
प्राक् श्रमाद् व्यायामवर्जीस्यात्,
prāk śramād vyāyāmavarjīsyāt,
Translation
One should stop exercising before getting exhausted.
Sanskrit
सर्वप्राणिषु बन्धुभूतः स्यात्,
sarvaprāṇiṣu bandhubhūtaḥ syāt,
Translation
One should be like a relative to all living beings.
Sanskrit
क्रुद्धानामनुनेता, भीतानामाश्वासयिता, दीनानामभ्युपपत्ता,
kruddhānāmanunetā, bhītānāmāśvāsayitā, dīnānāmabhyupapattā,
Translation
One should appease the angry, console the frightened, and help the poor.
Sanskrit
सत्यसन्धः, सामप्रधानः ,
satyasandhaḥ, sāmapradhānaḥ ,
Translation
One should be truthful and possess a peaceful disposition.
Sanskrit
परपरुषवचनसहिष्णुः, अमर्षघ्नः,
paraparuṣavacanasahiṣṇuḥ, amarṣaghnaḥ,
Translation
One should be tolerant of harsh words from others and conquer anger.
Sanskrit
प्रशमगुणदर्शी, रागद्वेषहेतूनां हन्ता च||१८||
praśamaguṇadarśī, rāgadveṣahetūnāṁ hantā ca || 18 ||
Translation
One should perceive the value of peace and destroy the causes of attachment and aversion.
Sanskrit
न वैरं रोचयेत्, न दन्तान्विघट्टयेत्, न नखान् वादयेत् नातिसमयं जह्यात्, न नियमं भिन्द्यात्,
na vairaṁ rocayet, na dantānvighaṭṭayet, na nakhān vādayet nātisamayaṁ jahyāt, na niyamaṁ bhindyāt,
Translation
One should not take pleasure in enmity, nor should one gnash one’s teeth or Click one’s nails. One should not miss the right time for actions, nor should one break any rules.
Sanskrit
नाविश्रब्धस्वजनः, नैकः सुखी, न दुःखशीलाचारोपचारः, न सर्वविश्रम्भी, नसर्वाभिशङ्की, न सर्वकालविचारी||
nāviśrabdhasvajanaḥ, naikaḥ sukhī, na duḥkhaśīlācāropacāraḥ, na sarvaviśrambhī, na sarvābhishaṅkī, na sarvakālavicārī ||
Translation
One should not be suspicious of one’s own people, nor should one be happy alone. One’s habits and behavior should not be painful to others. One should neither trust everyone nor suspect everyone, and should not be perpetually pondering.
Sanskrit
न कार्यकालमतिपातयेत्, नापरीक्षितमभिनिविशेत्, नेन्द्रियवशगः स्यात्, न चञ्चलं मनोऽनुभ्रामयेत्, नबुद्धीन्द्रियाणामतिभारमादध्यात्, न चातिदीर्घसूत्री स्यात्, न क्रोधहर्षावनुविदध्यात्, न शोकमनुवसेत्, न सिद्धावुत्सेकं यच्छेन्नासिद्धौ दैन्यं, प्रकृतिमभीक्ष्णं स्मरेत्, हेतुप्रभावनिश्चितः स्याद्धेत्वारम्भनित्यश्च, न कृतमित्याश्वसेत्, न वीर्यंजह्यात्, नापवादमनुस्मरेत्||२७||
na kāryakālamatipātayet, nāparīkṣitamabhiniviśet, nendriyavaśagaḥ syāt, na cañcalaṁ mano’nubhrāmayet, na buddhīndriyāṇāmatibhāramādadhyāt, na cātidīrghasūtrī syāt, na krodhaharṣāvanuvidadhyāt, na śokamanuvaset, na siddhāvutsekaṁ yacchennāsiddhau dainyaṁ, prakṛtimabhīkṣṇaṁ smaret, hetuprabhāvaniścitaḥ syāddhetvārambhanityaśca, na kṛtamityāśvaset, na vīryaṁjahyāt, nāpavādamanusmaret || 27 ||
Translation
One should not delay the time for action, nor should one engage in anything without investigation. One should not be a slave to the senses, nor should one let the mind wander restlessly. One should not overload the senses or the intellect, nor should one be a procrastinator. One should not yield to anger or excessive joy, nor should one dwell in grief. One should not be conceited in success or dejected in failure. One should frequently remember one’s own nature, stay firm in the determination of cause and effect, and always be engaged in purposeful activity. One should not be complacent about what has been done, nor should one lose one’s vitality, or dwell on the faults of others.
Sanskrit
ब्रह्मचर्यज्ञानदानमैत्रीकारुण्यहर्षोपेक्षाप्रशमपरश्च स्यादिति||२९||
brahmacaryajñānadānamaitrīkāruṇyaharṣopekṣāpraśamaparaśca syāditi || 29 ||
Translation
One should be devoted to celibacy (brahmacharya), knowledge, charity, friendship, compassion, joy, equanimity, and peace.