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  • Buddhism/Sutras/MN10
  • Buddhism/Mindfulness

MN 10: Satipatthana Sutta (Mindfulness Meditation)

NOTE

The original source of this sutra is in Pali. The Sanskrit translations provided here are selected excerpts converted for personal study.

1. Contemplation of the Body (Kayaupashyana)

1.1. The Basic Formula

Sanskrit

इह, भिक्षवः, भिक्षुः काये कायानुपश्यी विहरति आतापी सम्प्रजानः स्मृतिमान्, विनेय लोकेऽभिध्यादौर्मनस्यम्।

Translation

Here, monks, a monk dwells observing the body as a body, ardent, clearly comprehending, and mindful, having removed covetousness and grief regarding the world.


1.2. Mindfulness of Breathing (Anapana-parva)

Sanskrit

दीर्घं वा आश्श्वसन् ‘दीर्घं आश्श्वसामि’ इति प्रजानाति… दीर्घं वा प्रश्श्वसन् ‘दीर्घं प्रश्श्वसामि’ इति प्रजानाति।

Translation

Breathing in long, he knows, “I breathe in long”; breathing out long, he knows, “I breathe out long.”

Sanskrit

ह्रस्वं वा आश्श्वसन् ‘ह्रस्वं आश्श्वसामि’ इति प्रजानाति… ह्रस्वं वा प्रश्श्वसन् ‘ह्रस्वं प्रश्श्वसामि’ इति प्रजानाति।

Translation

Breathing in short, he knows, “I breathe in short”; breathing out short, he knows, “I breathe out short.”

Sanskrit

‘सर्वकायप्रतिसंवेदी आश्श्वसिष्यामि’ इति शिक्षते… ‘सर्वकायप्रतिसंवेदी प्रश्श्वसिष्यामि’ इति शिक्षते।

Translation

He trains himself, “I shall breathe in experiencing the whole body”; he trains himself, “I shall breathe out experiencing the whole body.”

Sanskrit

‘प्रश्रम्भयन् कायसंस्कारम् आश्श्वसिष्यामि’ इति शिक्षते… ‘प्रश्रम्भयन् कायसंस्कारम् प्रश्श्वसिष्यामि’ इति शिक्षते।

Translation

He trains himself, “I shall breathe in calming the bodily formation”; he trains himself, “I shall breathe out calming the bodily formation.”

Sanskrit

इत्यध्यात्मं वा काये कायानुपश्यी विहरति… बहिर्धा वा काये कायानुपश्यी विहरति… अध्यात्मबहिर्धा वा काये कायानुपश्यी विहरति।

Translation

In this way, he dwells observing the body in the body internally, or externally, or both internally and externally.

Sanskrit

समुदयधर्मानुपश्यी वा काये विहरति… वयधर्मानुपश्यी वा काये विहरति… समुदयवयधर्मानुपश्यी वा काये विहरति।

Translation

He dwells observing the nature of arising in the body, or the nature of vanishing, or the nature of both arising and vanishing in the body.

Sanskrit

‘अस्ति कायः’ इति वा पुनरस्य स्मृतिः प्रत्युपस्थिता भवति। यावदेव ज्ञानमात्राय प्रतिस्मृतिमात्राय… अनिश्रितश्च विहरति, न च किञ्चिल्लोके उपादत्ते।

Translation

Or, the mindfulness that “There is a body” is established in him, just to the extent necessary for knowledge and mindfulness. He dwells independent, and does not cling to anything in the world.


1.3. Clear Comprehension (Samprajanya-parva)

Sanskrit

अभिक्रान्ते प्रतिक्रान्ते सम्प्र जानकारी भवति। आलोकिते विलोकिते सम्प्र जानकारी भवति।

Translation

In going forward and returning, he acts with clear comprehension. In looking ahead and looking away, he acts with clear comprehension.

Sanskrit

गते स्थिते निषण्णे सुप्ते जागरिते… भाषिते तूष्णीम्भावे सम्प्र जानकारी भवति।

Translation

In walking, standing, sitting, falling asleep, waking up, in speaking and in keeping silence, he acts with clear comprehension.


1.4. Reflections on Repulsiveness (Pratikula-manasikara-parva)

Sanskrit

इममेव कायम् ऊर्ध्वं पादतलात्, अधः केशमस्तकात्… त्वक्पर्यन्तं पूर्णं नानाप्रकारस्य अशुचेः…

Translation

(He reviews) this very body from the soles of the feet up, and from the hair of the head down, enclosed by the skin and full of many kinds of impurities.

Sanskrit

एवमेव खलु… भिक्षुः इममेव कायं… प्रत्यवेक्षते।

Translation

In the same way, a monk reviews this very body (as a collection of parts).


1.5. Reflection on the Elements (Dhatu-manasikara-parva)

Sanskrit

पुनश्चापरं, भिक्षवः, भिक्षुः इममेव कायं यथास्थितं यथाप्रणिहितं… धातुशः प्रत्यवेक्षते:

Translation

Again, monks, a monk reviews this very body, however it may be placed or disposed, in terms of its elements:

Sanskrit

‘सन्ति अस्मिन् काये… पृथिवीधातुः आपोधातुः… तेजोधातुः वायुधातुः’ इति।

Translation

“There are in this body the earth element, the water element, the fire element, and the air element.”


1.6. Nine Charnel Ground Contemplations (Nava-shivathika-parva)

Sanskrit

पुनश्चापरं, भिक्षवः, भिक्षुः… तद्यथा पश्येच्छरीरं श्मशाने क्षिप्तं एकाहमृतं वा द्व्याहमृतं वा त्र्याहमृतं वा उद्धुमातकं विनीलकं विपूयकजातम्।

Translation

Again, monks, a monk… as if he were to see a corpse thrown in a charnel ground, dead for one, two, or three days, swollen, blue-black in color, and festering with pus.

Sanskrit

स इममेव कायम् उपसंहरति: ‘अयमपि खलु काय एवंधर्मा… एवंभावी एवमनतीतः’ इति।

Translation

He then applies this (observation) to his own body: “This body, too, is of such a nature, it will become like that, it cannot escape that fate.”


2. Contemplation of Feelings (Vedanaupashyana)

Sanskrit

सामिषां वा सुखां वेदनां… निरामिषां वा सुखां वेदनां… सामिषां वा दुःखां वेदनां… निरामिषां वा दुःखां वेदनां… सामिषां वा अदुःखासुखां… निरामिषां वा अदुःखासुखां…

Translation

When experiencing a worldly or spiritual pleasant, painful, or neutral feeling, he knows it as such.

Sanskrit

इत्यध्यात्मं वा वेदनासु… बहिर्धा वा वेदनासु… समुदयधर्मानुपश्यी वा… वयधर्मानुपश्यी वा… ‘अस्ति वेदना’ इति वा… अनिश्रितश्च विहरति…

Translation

In this way, he dwells observing feelings internally, externally, arising, or vanishing. The mindfulness that “There is feeling” is established in him; he dwells independent.


3. Contemplation of the Mind (Cittaupashyana)

चित्तानुपश्यना: १६ अवस्थाः (16 States of Mind)

संख्या (No.)अवस्था अ (State A: Defiled/Lower)अवस्था ब (State B: Pure/Higher)Description of the Pair
सरागं चित्तम् (Lustful)वीतरागं चित्तम् (Lust-free)Presence or absence of craving/attachment.
सदोषं चित्तम् (Hateful)वीतदोषं चित्तम् (Hate-free)Presence or absence of anger/aversion.
समोहं चित्तम् (Deluded)वीतमोहं चित्तम् (Delusion-free)Presence or absence of confusion/ignorance.
संक्षिप्तं चित्तम् (Shrunken)विक्षिप्तं चित्तम् (Scattered)Sloth/dullness vs. Agitation/restlessness.
महद्गतं चित्तम् (Exalted)अमहद्गतं चित्तम् (Ordinary)Developed/expanded mind vs. narrow mind.
सोत्तरं चित्तम् (Surpassable)अनुत्तरं चित्तम् (Unsurpassable)Mundane mind vs. the highest meditative states.
समाहितं चित्तम् (Concentrated)असमाहितं चित्तम् (Unconcentrated)Stability/stillness vs. lack of focus.
विमुक्तं चित्तम् (Liberated)अविमुक्तं चित्तम् (Unliberated)Temporary or final release vs. being bound.

Sanskrit

कथं च, भिक्षवः, भिक्षुः चित्ते चित्तानुपश्यी विहरति? सरागां वा चित्तं ‘सरागां चित्तम्’ इति प्रजानाति। वीतरागां वा चित्तं ‘वीतरागां चित्तम्’ इति प्रजानाति। सदोषं वा चित्तं ‘सदोषं चित्तम्’ इति प्रजानाति। वीतदोषं वा चित्तं ‘वीतदोषं चित्तम्’ इति प्रजानाति।

Translation

And how, monks, does a monk dwell observing the mind? When the mind is affected by or free from lust, or anger, he knows it as such.

Sanskrit

समोहं वा चित्तं वीतमोहं वा चित्तं… संक्षिप्तं वा चित्तं विक्षिप्तं वा चित्तं… महद्गतं वा चित्तं… सोत्तरं / अनुत्तरं… समाहितं / असमाहितं… विमुक्तं / अविमुक्तं…

Translation

He knows when the mind is affected by or free from delusion, shrunken, distracted, exalted, surpassable, concentrated, or liberated.


4. Contemplation of Mental Qualities (Dharmaupashyana)

4.1. The Five Hindrances (Nivarana-parva)

पञ्च नीवरणानि (The 5 Hindrances)

कामच्छन्दः (Sensual Desire), व्यापादः (Ill-will), स्त्यानमिद्धम् (Sloth and Torpor), औद्धत्यकौकृत्यम् (Restlessness and Remorse), विचिकित्सा (Doubt).

Sanskrit

कथं च, भिक्षवः, भिक्षुः धर्मेषु धर्मानुपश्यी विहरति? इह… पञ्चसु नीवरणेषु।

Translation

And how, monks, does a monk dwell observing mental qualities in the Five Hindrances?

Sanskrit

सन्तं वा अध्यात्मं कामच्छन्दं… असन्तं वा अध्यात्मं कामच्छन्दं… यथा च अनुत्पन्नस्य… उत्पादो भवति… यथा च उत्पन्नस्य… प्रहाणं भवति… यथा च प्रहीणस्य… आयत्यां अनुत्पादो भवति।

Translation

He knows when sensual desire is present or absent, how unarisen desire arises, how it is abandoned, and how it will not arise again.


4.4. The Seven Factors of Enlightenment (Bodhyanga-parva)

सप्त बोध्यङ्गानि (The 7 Factors of Enlightenment)

स्मृतिः (Mindfulness), धर्मविचयः (Investigation of Phenomena), वीर्यम् (Energy), प्रीतिः (Rapture/Joy), प्रश्रब्धिः (Tranquility), समाधिः (Concentration), उपेक्षा (Equanimity).

Sanskrit

पुनश्चापरं, भिक्षवः… सप्तसु बोध्यङ्गेषु। कथं च पुनः, भिक्षवः… इह… सन्तं वा अध्यात्मं स्मृति-सम्बोध्यङ्गं…

Translation

Again, monks, a monk dwells observing mental qualities in the Seven Factors of Enlightenment. When the mindfulness factor is present, he knows it.

Sanskrit

यथा च अनुत्पन्नस्य… उत्पादो भवति… यथा च उत्पन्नस्य… भावनायाः पारिपूरी भवति…

Translation

He knows how the mindfulness factor arises and how it is brought to perfection.


Conclusion

Sanskrit

यो हि कश्चित्, भिक्षवः, इमान् चतुरः स्मृत्युपस्थानान् एवं भावयेत् सप्ताहम्… तस्य द्वयोः फलयोः अन्यतरत् फलं प्रतिकांक्ष्यम् दृष्ट एव धर्मे आज्ञा, सति वा उपाधिशेषे अनागामिता इति।

Translation

For whoever, monks, should develop these four foundations of mindfulness for seven days, one of two fruits is to be expected: final knowledge in this very life, or the state of a Non-returner.

Sanskrit

‘एकायनोऽयं, भिक्षवः, मार्गः…’ इति यत् तत् उक्तम्, इदमेतत् प्रतीत्य उक्तम् इति। इदमवोचत् भगवान्। आत्तमनासस्ते भिक्षवो भगवतो भाषितम् अभिनन्दन्ति।

Translation

“Monks, this is the direct path for the purification of beings.” Thus spoke the Blessed One. Delighted, those monks rejoiced in the words of the Blessed One.